Topic: Diplomatic Correspondence
Q 1: What is Diplomatic correspondence?
Ans
Diplomatic correspondence is correspondence between one state and another, usually – though not exclusively – of a formal character. It follows several widely observed customs and style in composition, substance, presentation, and delivery and can generally be categorised into letters and notes.
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Q 2: What is letter of credence or credentials?
Ans
A letter of credence (lettres de créance) or credentials is the instrument by which a head of state exercises his or her power to appoint ("accredit") ambassadors and ministers to foreign countries. The letter of credence is signed by the sending head of state and is addressed to the receiving head of state.
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Q 3: What is Letters of recall?
Ans
A letter of recall is formal correspondence from one head-of-state notifying a second head-of-state that he or she is recalling his state's ambassador.
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Q 4: What is Note verbale?
Ans
A note verbale is the most formal form of note and is so-named as it originally represented a formal record of information delivered orally. Notes verbale are written in the third person and printed on official letterhead; they are typically sealed with an embosser or, in some cases, a stamp. All notes verbale begin with a formal salutation, typically
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Q 5: What is collective note?
Ans
A collective note is a letter delivered from multiple states to a single recipient state. It is always written in the third person. The collective note has been a rarely used form of diplomatic communication due to the difficulty in obtaining agreements among multiple states to the exact wording of a letter.
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Q 6: What is identic note?
Ans
An identic note is a letter delivered from a single state to multiple recipient states.
Examples include the identic note sent by Thomas Jefferson regarding action against the Barbary Pirates and that from the United States to China and the Soviet Union in 1929. In it, the United States called on the other two powers to resolve their differences over the Eastern China Railway peacefully.
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Q 7: What is Bouts de papier?
Ans
A bout de papier (speaking note) may be presented by a visiting official when meeting with an official from another state at the conclusion of the meeting. Prepared in advance, it contains a short summary of the main points addressed by the visiting official during the meeting and, firstly, serves as a memory aid for the visiting official when speaking. It, secondly, removes ambiguity about the subject of the meeting occasioned by verbal miscues by the visiting official.
Bouts de papier are always presented without credit or attribution so as to preserve the confidentiality of the meeting in case the document is later disclosed.
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Q 8: What is Demarches?
Ans
A demarche (non-paper) is considered less formal than the already informal bout de papier. Officially described as "a request or intercession with a foreign official" it is a written request that is presented without attribution from the composing state and is, therefore, delivered in-person.
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Q 9: What is aide-mémoire?
Ans
An aide-mémoire is a proposed agreement or negotiating text circulated informally among multiple states for discussion without committing the originating delegation's country to the contents. It has no identified source, title, or attribution and no standing in the relationship involved.
Ans
Diplomatic correspondence is correspondence between one state and another, usually – though not exclusively – of a formal character. It follows several widely observed customs and style in composition, substance, presentation, and delivery and can generally be categorised into letters and notes.
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Q 2: What is letter of credence or credentials?
Ans
A letter of credence (lettres de créance) or credentials is the instrument by which a head of state exercises his or her power to appoint ("accredit") ambassadors and ministers to foreign countries. The letter of credence is signed by the sending head of state and is addressed to the receiving head of state.
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Q 3: What is Letters of recall?
Ans
A letter of recall is formal correspondence from one head-of-state notifying a second head-of-state that he or she is recalling his state's ambassador.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q 4: What is Note verbale?
Ans
A note verbale is the most formal form of note and is so-named as it originally represented a formal record of information delivered orally. Notes verbale are written in the third person and printed on official letterhead; they are typically sealed with an embosser or, in some cases, a stamp. All notes verbale begin with a formal salutation, typically
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Q 5: What is collective note?
Ans
A collective note is a letter delivered from multiple states to a single recipient state. It is always written in the third person. The collective note has been a rarely used form of diplomatic communication due to the difficulty in obtaining agreements among multiple states to the exact wording of a letter.
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Q 6: What is identic note?
Ans
An identic note is a letter delivered from a single state to multiple recipient states.
Examples include the identic note sent by Thomas Jefferson regarding action against the Barbary Pirates and that from the United States to China and the Soviet Union in 1929. In it, the United States called on the other two powers to resolve their differences over the Eastern China Railway peacefully.
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Q 7: What is Bouts de papier?
Ans
A bout de papier (speaking note) may be presented by a visiting official when meeting with an official from another state at the conclusion of the meeting. Prepared in advance, it contains a short summary of the main points addressed by the visiting official during the meeting and, firstly, serves as a memory aid for the visiting official when speaking. It, secondly, removes ambiguity about the subject of the meeting occasioned by verbal miscues by the visiting official.
Bouts de papier are always presented without credit or attribution so as to preserve the confidentiality of the meeting in case the document is later disclosed.
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Q 8: What is Demarches?
Ans
A demarche (non-paper) is considered less formal than the already informal bout de papier. Officially described as "a request or intercession with a foreign official" it is a written request that is presented without attribution from the composing state and is, therefore, delivered in-person.
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Q 9: What is aide-mémoire?
Ans
An aide-mémoire is a proposed agreement or negotiating text circulated informally among multiple states for discussion without committing the originating delegation's country to the contents. It has no identified source, title, or attribution and no standing in the relationship involved.
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